How to resolve character errors in R language when displaying CSV data?

When reading csv data in R language, you may encounter issues with incorrect character display. Here are some methods to solve this problem:

1. parse a CSV file for reading
2. encoding of the file

data <- read.csv("data.csv", fileEncoding = "UTF-8")

1. Converts the character encoding using iconv()

data <- read.csv("data.csv")
data <- iconv(data, from = "GBK", to = "UTF-8")

1. Encoding function
2. Converts characters from one encoding to another.

data <- read.csv("data.csv")
encoding <- sapply(data, Encoding)

1. Check the format of the csv file: Ensure that the csv file is correctly formatted and does not contain any unrecognizable special characters or garbled text.
2. Try using other tools to convert the encoding: If the above method doesn’t solve the problem, you can try using other tools (such as Excel) to save the CSV file in the correct encoding.

I hope these methods can help you solve the issue of incorrect character display.