How do you give permission to software in Linux?

In the Linux system, the chmod command can be used to grant appropriate permissions to software.

Below is the syntax for the chmod command:
chmod [options] mode filename

Options include:

1. -C: display modified file permissions.
2. -f: Hide error messages.
3. R: Recursively change the permissions of folders and their subfolders.

Permissions can be represented using either numbers or symbols in a pattern.

Numeric notation:

1. 0: No authorization;
2. 1: Execution permission;
3. 2: Write access;
4. 4: Read access.

The above numbers can be added together to represent multiple permissions, for example: 7 represents read, write, and execute permissions.

notation:

1. u: Owner of the document;
2. g: group ownership of the file；
3. Other users.
4. a: All users.

You can use the following symbols to represent permissions:

1. + : Granting permission.
2. – Remove access permissions.
3. = Establishing permissions.

For example, to grant all users read and execute permissions for the file test.sh, you can use the following command:
chmod a+rx test.sh

To give all users read, write, and execute permissions to the folder “dir” and its subfolders, use the following command:
chmod -R a+rwx dir