Prometheus Architecture Explained

The architecture of the Prometheus system mainly consists of the following components:

1. The Prometheus Server is the central component of the entire architecture, responsible for collecting, storing, and querying metric data. It regularly pulls metric data from various target services and stores it in a local time series database. Additionally, the Prometheus Server also provides the PromQL query language for querying and analyzing metric data.
2. Exporters is a component used to export metrics data from third-party systems in a format recognized by Prometheus. The Prometheus server can retrieve metrics data from a service by configuring an Exporter running on the target service.
3. Pushgateway is an intermediary used to receive transient performance metric data from tasks. Once a task is completed, it pushes its metric data to Pushgateway, which is then fetched periodically by the Prometheus server.
4. Alertmanager is a component used to manage alerts. It can receive alerts from a Prometheus server and process them based on configured rules, such as sending notifications or grouping alerts.
5. Grafana is a tool used for visualizing monitoring data, which can be integrated with Prometheus server to create various charts, dashboards, and monitoring displays.

Overall, the architecture of the Prometheus system is a distributed monitoring system that works through Prometheus servers and various components to monitor, alert, and visualize various systems and services. The design of Prometheus is simple, flexible, and easy to extend and customize, making it widely used and recognized in the cloud native field.