Detailed Explanation on Nginx URL Rewrite Configuration and Information

1 year ago
Sophia Anderson
2 minutes

In Nginx, URL rewriting is achieved by changing the requested URL. URL rewriting can be used to redirect user requests to different URLs, modify URL parameters, or hide the true path of a URL.

The main components of Nginx’s URL rewriting configuration involve the location directive and the rewrite directive.

Here is a simple example of Nginx URL rewriting configuration.

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.com;

    location / {
        rewrite ^/old-url$ /new-url permanent;
        rewrite ^/user/(\d+)$ /profile?id=$1 last;
    }
}

In the configuration above, we defined a virtual host named example.com and specified the listening port as 80. Within the location directive, we utilized the rewrite directive to perform URL rewriting.

The first rewrite directive redirects user requests for /old-url to /new-url, using the permanent parameter which indicates a 301 permanent redirect status code will be returned.

The second rewrite directive redirects a user’s request for /user/123 to /profile?id=123 and includes the last parameter, indicating that the current rewrite directive should stop processing and pass the request to the next matching location block.

In addition to using the rewrite directive, you can also use the set directive to modify URL parameters. For example:

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.com;

    location / {
        set $id 123;
        rewrite ^/user$ /profile?id=$id last;
    }
}

In the given configuration, we set the $id variable to 123 using the set directive. Afterwards, we rewrite the user’s request for /user to /profile?id=123 using the rewrite directive.

It is important to note that Nginx’s URL rewriting is based on regular expressions. Regular expressions are used to match request URLs, and then the URL is modified through rewrite rules. Therefore, when configuring URL rewriting, it is essential to pay attention to the use of regular expressions and the writing of rules.

Furthermore, Nginx also offers a range of specialized variables that can be used in the rewrite directive. For example, $args represents the parameters of the request, $uri represents the URI part of the request, $request_uri represents the URI part of the original request, and so on.

In summary, Nginx’s URL rewriting configuration mainly involves the location directive and the rewrite directive. By configuring rewrite rules, modifications and redirections of user-requested URLs can be achieved. When setting up URL rewriting, it is important to pay attention to the use and writing of regular expressions, as well as the use of special variables.

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