How to optimize pagination queries in MySQL?

There are several ways to optimize MySQL pagination queries:
1. Using LIMIT and OFFSET: LIMIT and OFFSET are commonly used pagination query methods in MySQL, but OFFSET can cause a decrease in query performance when dealing with large amounts of data. Consider using a cursor to replace OFFSET by recording the ID of the last piece of data from the previous page and combining it with LIMIT for pagination queries.
2. Using indexes: Adding appropriate indexes to the fields for pagination queries can greatly improve query performance. Common index types include B-tree indexes, hash indexes, and full-text indexes. Choose the appropriate index type based on the actual situation.
3. Using caching: If the data for the pagination query does not change frequently, caching the query results can help by retrieving the data directly from the cache during subsequent queries, avoiding frequent database queries.
4. Using lazy loading: If the pagination query results contain large text or image fields, consider setting these fields for lazy loading so they are only loaded when needed, preventing the bulk loading of data all at once.
5. Database sharding: If dealing with a large amount of data, consider splitting the database into multiple sub-databases, storing data dispersed based on certain rules. During pagination queries, only query the necessary sub-databases to reduce the amount of data being queried.
6. Optimizing query statements: Optimize query statements by selecting appropriate fields, using conditions sensibly, and avoiding multiple table joins to improve pagination query performance.
7. Data preprocessing: Preprocess the data for pagination queries by calculating or aggregating frequently used data and storing it in a new table to enhance query efficiency. Choose suitable optimization methods based on specific business needs and database structures, and use them in a comprehensive manner.