What are the characteristics of the Hibernate second-le…

Characteristics of the Hibernate second-level cache mechanism include:

1. Global visibility: The second-level cache is shared across all sessions in the entire application, allowing different sessions to access the same data in the cache.
2. Reading and writing cache: The secondary cache can be used for both reading and writing data. When data is written to the database, the secondary cache will be updated accordingly.
3. Caching Strategy: Hibernate offers various caching strategies that can be configured according to specific needs. Common caching strategies include “read-only,” “read-write,” and “transactional.”
4. Cache synchronization: When data is updated or deleted, the secondary cache will automatically synchronize to ensure the consistency of data in the cache with the database.
5. Cache expiration: The secondary cache allows for the manual or automatic marking of data in the cache as invalid, in order to reload the latest data on the next access.
6. First-level cache prioritized: when querying data, Hibernate first checks the first-level cache (or session cache), and if the corresponding data is found, it is returned directly without needing to query the second-level cache.

It is important to note that while secondary cache can improve performance, it also brings along some potential issues such as considerations for data consistency and cache expiration management. Therefore, when using secondary cache, it is important to carefully evaluate and adjust cache strategies, as well as conduct appropriate testing and performance optimization.