What is the usage of SQLAlchemy framework in Python?

SQLAlchemy is a Python ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) tool that allows for manipulating relational databases in a Pythonic way, with support for multiple database backends.

Here are the main uses of SQLAlchemy:

  1. Definition of data model: By using SQLAlchemy’s ORM, you can map tables in the database by defining Python classes. This approach utilizes classes and attributes to represent tables and fields, making database operations more intuitive and object-oriented.
  2. Establishing a conversation: SQLAlchemy offers a Session object that connects to the database and creates a session. This object allows for executing SQL statements, committing transactions, retrieving query results, and more.
  3. Data querying: With SQLAlchemy, flexible data querying can be performed. Query statements can be built using the Query object, and filters, sorting, pagination, and other methods can be used to manipulate query results. Native SQL statements can also be used for querying.
  4. Data manipulation: SQLAlchemy offers a wide range of APIs for adding, deleting, and updating data. You can use methods like add, delete, and commit on the Session object to make changes to the database data.
  5. Data relationships: SQLAlchemy allows for defining relationships between data, including one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many relationships. These relationships can be represented in data models by defining associative fields, which can then be used for querying and manipulating data.
  6. Data migration: SQLAlchemy also offers a data migration tool called Alembic, which helps developers manage and migrate database versions. By defining migration scripts, developers can update and modify the structure of the database.

In general, SQLAlchemy offers a convenient, flexible, and efficient way to operate relational databases, allowing developers to focus more on implementing business logic without having to worry too much about the underlying database details.

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